ket語(yǔ)法：不同時(shí)態(tài)下動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變化

在之前的語(yǔ)法精煉欄目中，備考君已經(jīng)和大家整理了八種時(shí)態(tài)，限于篇幅，沒(méi)有詳細(xì)說(shuō)明時(shí)態(tài)會(huì)對(duì)句子中的其他成分起到什么作用。學(xué)生也知道，在英語(yǔ)句子中，謂語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞是受時(shí)態(tài)變化影響最大的。

動(dòng)詞在不同時(shí)態(tài)下的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變化

1. 通?，F(xiàn)在的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：is/am/are V-ed。比如：English is widely spoken all over the world.

2. 過(guò)去的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)通常是：was/were V-ed。比如：The underground was built five years ago.

3. 一般未來(lái)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：①will/shall be V-ed。比如：The decision will be made at the meeting tomorrow.We shall be punished if we break the rule.②be going to be V-ed。比如：The problem is going to be discussed at the meeting tomorrow.③be to be V-ed。比如：The sports meet is to be held on April 20.

4. 當(dāng)前完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：have/has been V-ed。比如：Many a house has been built in our city so far.

5. 當(dāng)前進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：is/am/are being V-ed。比如：The stadium is being built in the north of our city at present.

6. 在變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不能丟失介詞或副詞，因?yàn)樗且粋€(gè)不可分割的整體。The nurse took good care of the patients.→The patients were taken good care of by the nurse.

7. 雙賓語(yǔ)句子的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):當(dāng)雙賓語(yǔ)句子變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，一個(gè)句子可以變成主語(yǔ)，另一個(gè)句子(多為直接賓語(yǔ))仍然保留在謂語(yǔ)后面。比如：My aunt gave me a bike.→I was given a bike by my aunt.→A bike was given to me by my aunt.

8.當(dāng)含有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)相應(yīng)地變成主語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。需要注意的是，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。to不定式，在變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)應(yīng)帶有to。

比如：

(1)The boss made his workers work hard for him every day.→His workers were made to work hard for him every day by the boss.(2)Everyone calls him Big Brother.→He was called Big Brother by everyone.(3)I saw him going into the supermarket.→He was seen going into the supermarket.

當(dāng)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，可以變成：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 be/have been V-ed。比如：They must like the book very much.→The book must be liked very much by them.She must have known the truth.→The truth must have been known by her.

除上述動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)變化外，還有一些另類(lèi)動(dòng)詞，不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

主要詞匯不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

以下，結(jié)合之前總結(jié)過(guò)的動(dòng)詞的其它語(yǔ)態(tài)變化，我們來(lái)鍛煉一下語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換的應(yīng)用：

目標(biāo)訓(xùn)練

1. Robert usually ______________ (go) to school on foot every morning.2. The train ______________ (leave) at 9:00 a.m, so you needn’t hurry.3. If my father ______________ (know) the truth, he will get angry.4. Preparations for the program ______________ (start) a year ago and ______________ (finish) in three months.5. Smoking ______________ (believe) to cause more than 6 million deaths worldwide each year.6. My childhood ______________ (make) magical because of the wonderful writer Roald Dahl.7. The couple ______________ (visit) China next month and they have bought the plane tickets.8. We ______________ (spend) next weekend in Hainan with the Greens.9. Up to now, nine miners ______________ (rescue) from the mine by the rescue team.10. Much of the research ______________ (take place) during the winter, when trees are bare (光禿).

Key【答案】

1. goes2. leaves3. knows4. were started; will be finished5. is believed6. was made7. will visit/are visiting8. will spend/are spending9. have been rescued10. takes place